Every machine on the internet is identified by an IP address, and data is exchanged over the IP layer using transport protocols
In this post, I will introduce WebTransport and explain it in comparison with existing alternatives. As a relatively new protocol, it offers useful capabilities for modern real-time applications, along with its own set of trade-offs.
There are two broad types of algorithms used in software: conventional algorithms and AI algorithms. This section gives a brief comparison between the newer, increasingly popular AI-based algorithms and the older, conventional approach.
A package manager in Linux is a system that installs, updates, removes, and manages software and its dependencies. Instead of downloading .exe installers like on Windows, Linux software is usually distributed as packages that the package manager handles automatically.
In the previous section Video Encoding Part-1, we looked at how individual images are represented and compressed using formats like BMP, PNG, and JPEG. However, video is not just a collection of independent images—it leverages compression both within each frame (spatial compression) and across frames (temporal compression) by exploiting similarities between consecutive frames.
In this article, we look at how images are actually represented in digital systems—from raw sensor data to common formats like RGB, YUV, JPEG, and PNG. Before we even talk about video, we need to understand how a single frame is stored, because video is just a sequence of these frames.
In Video Assessment Part 2, we looked at spatial quality metrics — how sharp, clear, and natural individual frames look. But for livestreaming or video conferencing, another dimension matters just as much: time.
(Even if each frame looks perfect, a video can still feel low-quality if motion is jerky, frames are dropped, or the playback stutters.)
In Video Quality Part 1 we introduced the basic idea of video quality metrics and the difference between reference-based and no-reference approaches.
In this part, we’ll go a bit deeper and look at how these methods work at a conceptual level, focusing on spatial quality—how individual video frames are evaluated for issues like blur, noise, and compression artifacts.